Investigating the rates of reaction of Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Investigating the rates of reaction of Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid Using my preliminary experiments I decided on using the following apparatus: - A conical Flask - A piece of White Paper marked with a black cross - Dilute hydrochloric acid - Sodium thiosulphate - Water - Measuring cylinder We must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rates of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant or the rate of formation of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place. There are four factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), surface are (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect concentration has on a reaction. This is because concentration is the most practical to investigate as it would take longer to prepare a solid in powdered and unpowdered form, and it is difficult to get accurate readings due to the inevitabilities of human errors, and as gas is mostly colourless it is difficult to gauge a reaction changing the pressure, and if a substance is added to give the gas colour, it may influence the outcome of the experiment. Also temperature is difficult to sustain and be made exact for all the experiments. Similarly the use of a catalyst complicates things, and if used incorrectly could alter the outcome of the experiment. All other factors however must be kept constant while we are varying the concentration. Both the sodium thiosulphate and the Hydrochloric acid are soluble in water, so the concentration of either can be changed. However I have chosen to vary the sodium thiosulphate as it is available in larger amounts, and various concentrations are prepared. I will time how long it will take varying concentrations of Sodium Thiosulphate to react with the Hydrochloric acid so that the solution when placed above the white paper with the black cross is so reacted that one cannot see the cross through the opaque liquid. In order for my findings to be valid the experiment must be a fair one. I will use the same standard each time for judging when the X has disappeared. I will make sure that the measuring cylinders for the HCl and thiosulphate will not be mixed up. The amount of HCl will be 5 cm3 each time, and the amount of thiosulphate will be fixed at 20 cm3. Also room temperature will be used as the temperature as it is practical and will not need to be monitored.

“As You Like It” Essay (Advanced English) Essay

A sense of belonging can be founded through an individual’s personal aspiration to inherently connect with other people. The interaction and interconnectedness of relationships can be viewed as the most significant factor influencing an individual’s sense of acceptance within their surrounding environment and ultimately will determine the level of affiliation they can acquire personally. The comedic play â€Å"As You Like It† composed by William Shakespeare (16th Century), examines the idea of belonging to people and its significant influence over an individual. Similarly, Ang Lee’s film â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† (1997), correspondingly explores the perception of belonging through the interaction and contact with people and the relationships that are innately developed. Through the use of characterisation within both texts, the notion is thoroughly explored to exert a deepened understanding of belonging to people and how it can significantly infl uence an individual in most cases favorably. However, there are some instances where an individual cannot find a personal sense of acceptance within the relationships they withhold and therefore do not achieve a sense of affiliation within their social surroundings. The idea that people and the relationships they develop are the most influential facet in deciphering ones’ sense of belonging, is thoroughly examined within Shakespeare’s â€Å"As You Like It†. This is evident through the characterisation of Rosalind and the loving familial relationship she has with her cousin Celia. As they both were â€Å"bred together† and grew up within the court , â€Å"from their cradles† to adulthood, both Celia and Rosalind have developed an inherent familial bond for one another becoming â€Å"inseparable†. Shakespeare’ emphasised on the loving and devout nature of their relationship to the audience by demonstrating Celia’s absolute adoration for Rosalind over her own Father. This can be observed when Rosalind was banished from her home, the court, by Duke Fredrick (Celia’s father). Celia’s sense of belonging to her father was weakened as he betrayed her familial trust and so asked him, à ¢â‚¬Å"Pronounce the sentence on me my liege, I cannot live without her company†. The formality of the blank verse illustrates her detachment from her father and demonstrates the breakdown in their filial relationship. However, Shakespeare has used this to illuminate Celia’s loyalty and familial belonging to Rosalind, thus conveying their â€Å"inseparable† nature and the strong sense of affiliation between one another. (337) Similarly, in â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† the widowed mother Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters are exiled from their home due to social expectations. However, even with the removal of their place of belonging it is their strong familial bonds and connections that allow them to find a sense of individual affiliation. This is evident towards the beginning of the film when they are introduced to their new home a small cottage in the country side which has just been juxtaposed with the Mansion seen in the previously. As they walk up towards the cottage their is a long shot that portrays the family walking towards the cottage together in a huddled group. Ang lee, has used this positioning of the camera and the actors to display the idea that it is within family they find belonging not place. This again supports the notion that belonging is most significantly founded within the people and relationships an individual withholds. (537) Furthermore, Shakespeare’s portrayal of the loving romantic relationship between Orlando and Rosalind additionally acts as a representation of how influential the contact between people can affect an individual’s sense of belonging. With Rosalind and Orlando finding themselves in the Forest of Arden due to the external influences of powerful men exerting their hate, such as Duke Fredrick and Oliver, both characters find themselves in similar circumstances. However, it is Orlando’s love that demonstrates his sense of affiliation to Rosalind through metaphorical language by comparing her to precious objects. He passionately declares, â€Å"No jewel is like Rosalind; Her worth, being mounted on the wind† which clearly exemplifies to the audience of his complete love for her. The use of extensive amount of romantic poetry and adoring tone is used to demonstrate their love towards one another. And that they find their sense of belonging with one another no matt er where they are and what place they are set, again emphasising the significance of contact between people becoming a poignant source of belonging for an individual. As each individual is intrinsically different, where relationships and interacting with other’s may offer satisfaction to some, others find greater fulfillment in self. Shakespeare clearly demonstrates this choice of belonging to self rather through the contact of other people, through the characterisation of Jaques. Being described as â€Å"melancholy† Jaques chooses not to affiliate with the people around him, and finds satisfaction in being alone. Jaques believes that â€Å"the worst fault you have is to be in love†. His cynical tone and attitude towards love and relationships demonstrate his choice not to associate himself with others. In effect, Shakespeare uses prose to enhance one’s insight into people who chose not to conform to belonging. This is a singular instance where an individual does not find a sense of belonging through the contact between people and the relationships developed, however, represents a lonely and melancholy life. Contrary to this, majority of the character’s within â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† finds a sense of belonging through the people they associate with. In ‘Sense and Sensibility’, Marian falls in love to a young suitor named Willoughby. However, Willoughby chooses not to belong to Marian due to social expectations, which essentially, caused personal consequences for his sense of affiliation. These consequences become evident within the last scene, â€Å"The marriage†, when Marian has been happily married to Brendan and the whole town is celebrating. There is a close medium shot of the both of them happily departing from the church, when the camera suddenly cuts to Willoughby up on a hill. Out from the town he is looking down on the celebrations with a saddened expression. Through the use of camera techniques and expression it becomes evident to the audience that he feels a sense of exclusion and detachment from the people he once was closely affiliated with. This further emphasises the consequences that can come to an individual when they chose expectations and society over the people and relationships they withh old. Nevertheless, the consequences of being lonely is welcoming to him and therefore, does not negatively affect him like Willoughby. Moreover, the interconnectedness and affiliation with people is the most significant factor influencing an individual’s sense of belonging or not belonging. Throughout the text â€Å"As you like it† and the film â€Å"Sense and sensibility†, this idea is thoroughly explored through the character’s represented by the composer’s and the relationship’s they developed, either familial or romantic. However, although one can find significant belonging through another person, some can chose not to belong, such as Jaques or Willoughby and by choosing not to belong it can create consequences resulting in a sense of loneliness. However, there are singular instances, like Jaques, where choosing not to belong to people can create self fulfillment in one’s self and a sense of belonging.

Little Red Riding Hood by Bill Delaney - 946 Words

At first glance the characters Connie from â€Å"Where are you going? Where have you been?† and Little Red Riding Hood from the classic fairy tale â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† may seem to have nothing in common. However, from the start one can compare how much they actually have in common. Though these two characters are very different they are the same in many ways. Their story, from beginning to end, is similar. It is easy to see how alike and different they are with the description of Connie and Little Red Riding Hood’s lives, the relationship with their wolves, and their tragic endings. At the start of each story the authors give you a bit of insight into Connie and Little Red Riding Hood’s lives. Connie is a fifteen year old girl with a whole†¦show more content†¦Thoughts are not the only things Arnold and the wolf have in common. Arnold is said to look like Bob Dylan with â€Å"his unshaven face, his big white teeth† (Tierce and Crafton 221) The wolf also had large teeth. This common section may suggest that each are both smooth talks but also are eager to gobble up Connie and Little Red Riding Hood. The ending of both characters are often times guessed upon. For Connie most people who read the story believe she will be raped, however, it is never written in the authors words. For Little Red Riding Hood her ending in more definite in the stories but with so many versions it is a question on what they all mean. Connie’s ending is not sweet; it is not a happy ending. Where are You Going? Where Have You Been? ends in confusion, turmoil, and an mysterious ending. It is not known for sure if Arnold does in fact rape Connie but the story depicts a clear ending within its writing. For example, Arnold tells Connie â€Å"I’ll hold you so tight you won’t think you have to try to get away or pretend anything because you’ll know you can’t† (Oates 512). It is clear to Connie in these lines what Arnold’s purpose in her life is. There are many depictions of Little Red Riding Hood and each has their own version of who she was and how the story end ed. In the original written version by Perrault the wolf simply attacks Little Red Riding Hood and devours her. â€Å"Few parents choose to readShow MoreRelatedEssay Classic Fairy Tales: Annotated Bibliography1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn his evaluation of Little Red Riding Hood, Bill Delaney states, â€Å"In analyzing a story . . . it is often the most incongruous element that can be the most revealing.† To Delaney, the most revealing element in Little Red Riding Hood is the protagonist’s scarlet cloak. Delaney wonders how a peasant girl could own such a luxurious item. First, he speculates that a â€Å"Lady Bountiful† gave her the cloak, which had belonged to her daughter. Later, however, Delaney suggests that the cloak is merely symbolic